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and need an additional training, the following technique
may prove valuable.
It may be stated almost as a psychological law that
every human being, no matter how great or powerful, is
discouraged in some degree, or in some special facet of
his life. The neurotic, however, believes that his dis¬
couragement and his distress are unique. He acts as if
everyone else in the world were a superman, and he alone
an impotent worm, incapable of meeting people without
qualms of conscience and self-consciousness. As a matter
of fact, some of the people whom the isolated neurotic
most envies because of their ready ease in social situa¬
tions, are themselves the most discouraged, and, like the
small boy who whistles in the dark to keep himself from
trembling with fear, they over-act their courage in order
to hide their own perplexity from their fellows.
We have already learned that the pattern of every
individual's life is a stream from an imagined “ minus ”
situation to an imagined “ plus ” situation. What we
must do, if we wish to make a new acquaintance, is to
guess his goal from his actions—with a little practice this
is not at all difficult—and tell him something that will
encourage him along the path which he is taking, to show
that we appreciate his ends and are aware of his success.
To those who are expert in this art it is not difficult to
divert an individual from a false pattern into a good one,
and this is the essence of psychotherapy. In other words,
when we wish to teach someone a new behaviour pattern,
we must make our suggestions seem to fit into his
pattern, although we know all the time that if he takes
our suggestions he will drift imperceptibly into a new and
better pattern.
The Technique of Empathy
The technique of empathy is best illustrated by the
story of the town fool and the lost donkey. In a small
Russian town which boasted but a single donkey, great
consternation was caused by the donkey’s sudden and