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Turner and Kussniaul, led by somewhat different researches,
arrive at the same explanation. M. Sequard, in reviewing the
leading phenomena of a complete seizure of epilepsy, and in
giving the rationale, shows that we may find they form a series
of causes and effects much as follows : —
1. Cause. Excitation of certain parts of the excito-motoiy
side of the nervous centre.
Effect. Contraction of blood vessels of the brain proper and
of the face ; spasm of muscles of the eye and face.
2. Cause. Contraction of the blood vessels of the brain
proper.
Effect. Loss of consciousness, and accumulation of blood
in the vessels at the base of the encephalon.
3. Cause. Extension of the first excitation, partly due to
the accumulation of blood in the base of the encephalon.
Effect. Tonic contraction of the laryngeal, the cervical,
and the thoracic expiratory muscles, (laryngismus and trache-
lismus.)
4. Cause. Contraction of laryngeal and of thoracic expira-
tory muscles.
Effect. Crying, and stoppage of respiration.
5. Cause. Further extension of the first excitation of the
nervous centre.
Effect. Tonic contraction, extending to most of the mus-
cles of the trunk and limbs.
6. Cause. Loss of consciousness, and tonic contraction in
the trunk and limbs.
Effect. Falling down.
7. Cause. Laryngismus, trachelismus, and the fixed state
of the chest.
Effect. Asphyxia, with obstacles to the return of venous
blood from the head and the spinal cavity.