Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

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It is presumed that every intelligent practitioner of medicine, in these days, understands the fundamental Laws of Electricity; but the author makes here a free but easy rehearsal of so much of those laws and conditions, to which in its respective forms Electricity is obedient while acting upon, or traversing through, the different living tissues of the human organism, as will prove a sufficient vade mecum, in its department, for ready reference to the working practitioner. Certainly no conscientious and high-minded person would be willing to attempt to employ this powerful agent in any form on the human body, actively, as a remedy, and much less as a trifling experiment, without first being familiar at least with the outlines of its sources, its prop- erties, its actions, and its results. Sources of Electricity. There are usually acknowledged three principal sources of appreciable Electricity; namely, heat, mechanical friction, and chemical action. While inanimate bodies are at rest, there is no appreciable electricity to be found. The positive and nega- tive exist in them in such proportions, that, although they do not destroy each other, their effect is counterbalanced, and their very existence is masked. Under the same distance and circum- stance, the attractive power of the one is equal to the repulsive power of the other. This natural rest of electricity must there- fore be disturbed, in order to produce any appreciable existence or action. The earliest mention of electricity is supposed to have been by the Ionian philosopher, Thales of Miletus, who discovered that if a smooth piece of amber was rubbed with a dry cloth it at- tracted various light bodies that were placed near it. Although he was reckoned as one of the seven wise men of Greece, it is also recorded of him, that from this phenomenon he supposed that amber possessed a soul, and was thus nourished by the attracted bodies. This was at an early day, however, for he died in the ninety-sixth year of his age, about five hundred and forty-eight years before the Christian era. Pliny the elder also