Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

more general. The author has recently had under treatment two cases that thus originated, and had resulted in a sub-luxa- tion of the shoulder joint from the paralysis of the posterior portion of the deltoid and other shoulder muscles, while the biceps and coraco-brachialis, remaining intact, drew the head of the bone from the glenoid cavity. (See Sub-Luxations.) We must also be prepared to see hopeless cases of hemiplegia, as the congenital, and not arising from recent lesion, but rather depending upon defective development and growth in some portions of the cord or brain, causing various complications of hemiplegia, as choreic, or idiotic, or stunted growth of limb or body, or sometimes all of these together with contractions of some of the flexors, and showing agitans. No sane man would think of benefiting such by subjecting them to any active treat- ment with electricity. The following condensed propositions are laid down by Dr. Gull, of Guy's Hospital, viz.: If there be disorganization of the hemisphere, whether affecting the anterior or posterior lobe of the brain, implicating the optic thalamus, or corpus striatum, singly or equally; and if the lesion be of such an extent as to produce a hemiplegia, " then there will be a greater affection of the upper than of the lower extremity, and a greater loss of motion than of sensation." If the lesion has been sudden, and both the upper and lower extremities are completely paralyzed, the leg will begin to improve before the arm, and the muscles nearest the trunk will regain their power first; that is, for ex- ample, the deltoid and flexor of the elbow, will recover before the muscles which move the fingers. As regards sensation, it is sometimes abolished, (as the intelligence is also impaired or lost for a few days following the attack, if the lesion has been sud- den,') but is soon recovered from, like the recovery of muscular power, first in parts nearest the trunk; but this, 7?/^ in the leg. According to Dr. Burdach, out of some thirty-eight cases of cerebral lesion of one side, the muscles of the face were par- alyzed in twenty-eight on the opposite side from the lesion, while ten were on the same side. The seventh nerve, then, when involved in paralysis, is more commonly crossed, like that of the