Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

And again, if the levator ales nasi and the pyramidalis are paralyzed, then the nostril on that side is deprived of vol- untary motion, and the nostril is retained open only by the elastic fibre of its structure. Hence the gentle waving motions in the sides of the nose during respiration are lost, or exactly reversed; i. e., in health the nostrils are dilated during inspira- tion, but in facial palsy this is noticed as occurring during expiration. In the horse this would be a fatal affair if it oc- curred on both sides, as his nostrils are very soft, and kept dilated by the action of the portio dura. When this nerve is severed in the horse, his nostril flaps together, and the more violent the inspiration, the greater the collapse of the nostril. As the horse breathes only through his nose, he must die of asphyxia if the facial nerve is either severed or paralyzed. So also, if the portio dura is severed in the ass or rabbit, the ears drop and become hideously deformed, because they are soft and long ; but no such abnormal symptoms show themselves in man from an actual paralysis of those branches of the portio dura, that in the human organism also ramify the external nmscles of the ear, because the human ear is kept in its normal position by its partial structure of elastic fibre. And this completes the list of the prominent symptoms of facial paralysis, which may be seen occurring either together or separately, being caused by a palsy of the superficial branches of the portio dura or facial nerve. To recapitulate : if the trunk of the portio dura is injured in its intra-cranial portion, then we do not see the above isolated symptoms, but, they would then be general and uniform ; and not only so, but as we have seen, there are collateral symptoms from the eighth nerve, as it also is involved ; there are loss of taste, and a sense of numbness in the tongue, caused by palsy of the corda tympani. There is also difficulty in swallowing, from the paralysis of the dig-astricus and stylo-hyoideus muscles ; the uvula is drawn to the sound side, and the tongue protrudes to the sound side and downward; and the hearing will be affected, and perhaps attended with very peculiar noises in the head. The deep-seated palsying effects on this great nerve trunk