Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

from exposiire to a draught of cold air, as from a car window, it is then more generally of a rheumatic character; and hence some of the muscles are affected more than others; and some of them also recover sooner than others. The absorption of the rheumatic effusion is sometimes spontaneous, at least to a degree. In all these cases the electric currents are found to be decidedly the most effectual means for restoring the muscles to their healthy state and physiological action. If the facial paralysis is com- plete, then all the expressions of the physiognomy flat out; i. e., on the paralyzed side, but are exaggerated on the sound side. But if both sides of the face should be similarly affected, then the countenance of the individual is totally changed. Nor is he able to laugh, frown, or whistle—or only on one side, if but the other is affected. In that case, the palsied side appears bloated, pouting, and drawn around towards the sound side. But as this nerve is the motor for nearly all the muscles of the face, let us examine the effects of its partial palsy. (Seepp.266,432,andD.) Where there is a paralysis of the muscle orbicularis palpe- brarum, which is depending on the portio dura, as we have said, the eye cannot be closed ; the eyeball is all the time exposed to the air, even during sleep, and consequently the conjunctiva is liable to become injected or inflamed. In that case the tears flow freely over the cheek, and sometimes so acrid are they that they excoriate the skin of the face. The eyelids are kept open, because the antagonizing muscle (levator palpebral superioris~) is not depending upon the portio dura, but is animated by the third nerve. On the contrary, where the third nerve is palsied, the eye is shut, and cannot open of itself. But in facial palsy, when the patient is requested to shut the eye, if any motion is perceptible at all, the ball of the eye is only turned upward and inward, but the eye does not readily or completely close. The eye appears staring and somewhat protruded, showing consid- erable of the sclerotica, which is mostly due to the dropping of the outer portion of the under eyelid ; but there is no such evidence of deficient nutrition in the cornea and conjunctiva, as observed in cases where branches of the fifth (tri-facial) nerve are paralyzed ; and if the fifth nerve be the one paralyzed, then