Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

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heart's action. To this end, he advises the strict maintenance of the reclining posture ; and when the patient is awake and conscious, the mind should be tranquillized by every possible means. He says, again, " You will often be early consulted as to ' some expedient for promoting the restoration of the paralyzed limbs to their natural condition.' To this question, after having given a fair trial to the various means which have been proposed, (in the earlier stages,) I must reply, that I know of nothing which more decidedly benefits the paralyzed limbs than a regu- lated system of exercise — active, when the patient is capable of it; passive, if otherwise. As to the use of electricity, which is now much in vogue, or the treatment by strychnia, which has been recommended, I feel satisfied, as the result of a long experi- ence, that the former requires to be used with much caution, and that the latter is very apt to do mischief, and never does good. I have seen cases in which, after the early employment of electricity for some time, that agent has apparently brought on pain in the head, and has excited something like an inflam- matory process in the brain. And so strychnine also will induce an analogous condition of brain, and will increase the rigidity of the paralyzed muscles." (See pp. 477-479, Notes B, C.) Paraplegia. Paraplegia, we know, is a loss of the power of motion in the lower limbs, either partial or complete, and usually attended with inaction of the urinary bladder and rectum, with loss of power over the sphincters, and often with impairment or entire loss of sensation. When the affection arises from an injury of the spinal cord, the accession is sudden; but if from inflamma- tion and its sequels in the spinal marrow or its membranes, or if the bones or cartilages of the spine are diseased, then the first appearance of the paralysis is more gradual. In this latter, there is first some abnormal sensation, which is soon followed by numbness, and this by diminished poiver of motion in the lower extremities, so that one easily trips; cannot stand long; has a sensation of weight in the limbs, and pains down to the feet. 44