Electro-physiology and electro-therapeutics : showing the best methods for the medical uses of electricity / By Alfred C. Garratt.

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and friction on wood, as to produce a profusion of high tension electricity, that by far exceeds any friction electrical machine. I saw an apparatus both in London and in Paris made expressly for this purpose, called the hydro-electric machine. By this not only a patient, but a whole ward, patients and all, could be so situated and maintained by it for any requisite time. But ac- cording to my own experience, the utility of tension by insula- tion is quite limited to a few certain cases and conditions, which will be clearly designated when I come to treat of its therapeu- tic application for nervous diseases. Galvanic Electricity and Apparatus. This term is given to that important form of electricity that is produced by chemical action. But probably the most simple example of this kind of electricity is shown by merely enclosing the tongue, for instance, between two different clean metals, from which the current is instantly set in motion, even sufficient to be sensible. This may be proved by any one^ if they place a piece of silver or gold on the one side of the tongue, and then at the same time a piece of copper or zinc on the other side of the tongue, or, what is better still, simply a piece of clean zinc on the one side, while there is a piece of clean silver on the other. As long as the metals arc so placed and held, there is no taste or sensation ; but if now the outer edges of the two metals are brought together, or if by means of a bit of wire they are brought in contact or communication, then instantly there is demonstrated the galvanic action. If this does not readily appear at the first contact, repeat the opening and closing of the metallic contact quick or slow, and it will be decidedly manifested both by taste and sensation. When two metals are placed in contact direct, or by means of a connecting wire, and when these are placed in a liquid or liquids capable of acting 17011 the one more than upon the other, then that peculiar electricity is evolved that we term voltaic electricity, galvanic electricity, or galvanism. The origi- nal pile for producing this current was devised by Dr. Volta, an