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because he knows that any infraction of the household
laws will not only bring down the wrath of his father, but
will also make him forfeit the tender caresses of his
mother. At school it is much more difficult to maintain
the centre of attention when thirty other children demand
a share of the teacher’s good graces. We may say in
passing that Edgar was very well behaved in class until
an unthinking teacher punished him once for a misdeed
he had not really committed. From that time he felt that
the teacher was his natural enemy, and used every malicious
trick to revenge himself known to an active boy of eleven,
and at the same time gain the centre of attention he so
badly desired and valued as the fundamental premise of
his cooperation. It paid to be good at home—and it paid
equally to be bad in school.
Have you not known men who were the most charming
of good fellows in their clubs or offices, only to become
tyrants the moment they came home ? Have you not
seen women who praised their husbands lavishly when
visiting their friends, but nagged those same husbands
bitterly in the privacy of their own bedrooms ? These
sudden and often quite contrasting character traits which
we sometimes see men and women exhibiting do not
belie the unity of the conduct pattern, nor do they indicate
that our personality goal changes with the four winds.
We use different tools, logically, when we cope with
different environments. This also accounts for the
apparent changes in mood and emotion to which most
individuals are subject. When we approach our goal
successfully we are elated and happy and good humoured.
When we sense an imminent defeat our mood changes to
depression, “ blues,” tears, anger or rage, according to
our pattern. No matter what the variations in conduct,
in behaviour, in mood or in emotion, the goal of the
personality remains a fixed fiction which we approach
now aggressively, now hesitatingly, now with laughter,
and now with tears, as the situation demands.
Although we have demonstrated our general thesis of
the purposiveness of all character traits, it may serve to