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belief, now proved beyond all peradventure, that the
character of a human being is often the result of the
existence of some defect or inadequacy of his body.
Thus we find men and women who have suffered from
defects, often very minor ones, of the eyes, whose entire
lives seem to be directed toward translating the world
about them into visual values, while children who have
suffered in childhood from rickets, a disease which affects
the development of the bones and muscles in such a way
as to increase the difficulties of movement, become
distinctly “ motor ” characters in later life, bending
every effort to increase the efficiency of their locomotion,
either by athletic training or by the invention of motor
appliances, from wheels to aeroplanes, to aid them in their
efforts.
Universality of the Inferiority Feeling
The next step in the investigation of these interesting
aspects of human behaviour was the discovery that the
entire human race suffers from a feeling of inadequacy,
and has, throughout the ages of man’s existence, evolved
its unique human character as a compensation for its
weakness. To test this universal human sense of
inferiority we need but recall our complete inability to
master the fickle elements or to solve the problems of
death, disease, and the degeneration of our bodies. It is
only in the most recent years that we have learned to
understand something of the physical world in which we
live, and we are still at the mercy of lightning, floods,
earthquakes, or capricious hurricanes. Primitive man,
with his hairless body, his ignorance of hygiene, his
imperfect sense organs, his relatively weak muscular
development, was in a far more serious plight; and if we
can allow our imaginations to recall those early days when
some man-like ape first descended from the trees to the
open plain because some fortuitous degeneration of his
feet compelled him to relinquish a life of climbing,
thereby leaving his forelegs completely free and forcing
him to stand erect and become a “ man ”, we can well