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of the narrow-minded specialists of this age. In ancient
Egypt we exposed our patients in the market-places and
other public resorts, in order that any wise passer-by
might examine the case, and express an opinion; but
only one doctor treated the disease."
" That was rank quackery ! " cried Paulus Androcydes,
indignantly. " For certainly no definite diagnosis could
be made when the number of consultants was so enor-
mous. And it is certain that the sick must have died
then, even as now, from errors in diagnosis, and therefore
maltreatment."
" Greece and Rome practiced empiricism," remarked
Athothis, laughingly. " The Romans once survived six
hundred years without a recognized faculty or medical
school; while such distinguished citizens as Cato, for ex-
ample, practiced medicine without a diploma. Slaves
were taught how to prescribe by their masters, and be-
came very expert in applying remedies. Cabbage was a
famous medicinal agent in those days, and is said to have
cured more persons than it killed. These ancient peo-
ples discovered that aloes and colocynth were purgatives.
There were likewise wise lawyers who formulated rules
and regulations on sanitation; there were engineers who
fully appreciated the value of an uncontaminated water
supply and good drainage, and constructed aqueducts
and well-ventilated sewers never equaled by moderns ;
there were epicures who were also philanthropists, and
instructed the people in the real art of cookery; there
were—"
" Hold! " exclaimed Paulus Androcydes. " Yet, peo-
ple died ?"
" True," answered Athothis, " men and women died
then, as now. Yet, withal, medicine was more honored