Sex efficiency through exercises : special physical culture for women / by Th. H. van de Velde ; [photos, by E. Steinemann].

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contraction and dilation, in the pelvic floor. But here, too, in order that the levator may fully participate, it is necessary to concentrate especially on this region of the pelvic floor. Certain exercises will be mentioned explicitly in the second section of this book, which treats of physical culture in pregnancy and the puerperium. They may, with advantage, be combined with deliberate contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor. It should be mentioned that the exercises there designated semi-active, i.e., those which involve support by an attendant or some assistant, may also be carried out actively, that is, without such support. In this manner, as well as by the modification and/or intensification of muscular effort, there may be produced a whole register of semitones between such tempered and careful exertion as is suitable to pregnancy and after child-birth, and vigorous action, at full pitch as it were. The most appropriate exercises in this respect are No. 15 and No. 16 of that group, and especially No. 15, if the feet are parted and the knees more or less separated. In 15 the contraction of the pelvic floor naturally accompanies the lifting of the pelvis, and in 18 the upright movement of the trunk. In the case of two more of these exercises, we revert to the classic exercises described in manuals of obstetrics as indirectly promoting the strength of the pelvic floor ; they date from the days of Thure-Brandt, and are generally the only systematic efforts of a gymnastic kind for their purpose .which the older books describe. They are No. 17, " Opening 'and Closing of the Knees against Pressure," and No. 27, " Opening and Closing of the Knees against Pressure while the Pelvis is raised." And both of these exercises are un- questionably very important and useful, especially if they are performed with special conscious attention to the participa- tion of the muscles of the pelvic floor. As I have already stated, many exercises in the general gymnastic repertoire for women are recommended for the development of the pelvic floor, of course indirectly. But,