The frugal housewife; or, experienced cook : wherein the art of dressing all sorts of viands with cleanliness, decency, and elegance is explained in five hundred approved receipts ... / originally written by Susanna Carter, but now improved by an experienced cook in one of the principal taverns in the city of London.

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To make Gravy for Turkey, Fowls, fyc. To make Gravy for a Turkey, or any Sort of Fowls. Take a pound of the lean part of beef, hack it with a knife, flour it well; have ready a stewpan with a piece of fresh butter. When the butter is melted, put in the beef, fry it brown, and pour in a little boiling water, shake it round, and fill up with a tea-kettle of boiling water. Stir it all together, and put in two or three blades of mace, four or five cloves, some whole pepper, an onion, a bundle of sweetherbs, a crust of bread, baked brown, and a little piece of carrot. Cover close, and let it stew till it is as good as you would have it. This will make a pint of rich gravy To make Veal, Mutton, or Beef Gravy. Take a rasher or two of bacon or ham, lay it at the bottom of a stew- pan ; put your meat cut in thin slices over it; then cut onions, turnips, carrots, and celery, a little thyme, and put over the meat, with a little allspice; put a little wa- ter at the bottom, set it on the fire, which must be a gentle one, and draw it till it is brown at the bottom, which you may know by the pan’s hissing; then pour boil- ing water over it, and stew it gently for an hour and a half; if a small quantity, less time will do it. Season it with salt. To burn butter for thickening of Sauce. Set butter on the fire, and let it boil till it is brown; then shake in some flour, and stir it all the time it is on the fire till it is thick. Put it by, and keep it for use. A little piece is what the cooks use to thicken and brown sauce; but there are few stomachs it agrees with, therefore sel- dom make use of it. To make Gravy. If you live in the country, where you cannot always have gravy meat, when meat comes from the Butcher’s, take a piece of beef, veal, and mut- ton; cut them in as small pieces as you can, and take a large deep saucepan with a cover, lay the beet at bottom, then the mutton, then a very little piece of bacon, a slice or two of carrot, some mace, cloves, whole pepper, black and white, a large onion cut in slices, a bundle of sweet herbs, and then lay in the veal. Cover